如何在「Debian」，安裝「Podman」的初探紀錄

podman-start-at-debian

podman

podman / search

apt-cache search podman

podman / install

sudo apt-get install podman

podman / version

run

podman --version

show

podman version 5.4.2

machine

machine / init / qemu-img missing

run

podman machine init

show

Looking up Podman Machine image at quay.io/podman/machine-os:5.4 to create VM
Getting image source signatures
Copying blob d982f2a01613 done   |
Copying config 44136fa355 done   |
Writing manifest to image destination
d982f2a01613fbd566d81266a619f7bad958268def3a3f924a8e209f48578d75
Extracting compressed file: podman-machine-default-amd64.qcow2: done
Error: exec: "qemu-img": executable file not found in $PATH

qemu-img

qemu-img / install

run

apt-cache search qemu-img

show

qemu-block-extra - extra block backend modules for qemu-system and qemu-utils
qemu-utils - QEMU utilities

run

sudo apt-get install qemu-utils

machine / init / success

run

podman machine init

show

Looking up Podman Machine image at quay.io/podman/machine-os:5.4 to create VM
Extracting compressed file: podman-machine-default-amd64.qcow2: done
Image resized.
Machine init complete
To start your machine run:

	podman machine start

machine / start / gvproxy missing

run

podman machine start

show

Starting machine "podman-machine-default"
Error: could not find "gvproxy" in one of [/usr/local/libexec/podman /usr/local/lib/podman /usr/libexec/podman /usr/lib/podman].  To resolve this error, set the helper_binaries_dir key in the `[engine]` section of containers.conf to the directory containing your helper binaries.

gvproxy

gvproxy / search

run

apt-cache search gvproxy

show

gvproxy - Secure networking stack for container runtimes (program)

gvproxy / install

run

sudo apt-get install gvproxy

gvproxy / install / link

run

sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/gvproxy /usr/libexec/podman/gvproxy

or run

sudo ln -sf $(which gvproxy) /usr/libexec/podman/gvproxy

check

file /usr/libexec/podman/gvproxy

show

/usr/libexec/podman/gvproxy: symbolic link to /usr/bin/gvproxy

machine / start / qemu-system-x86_64 missing

run

podman machine start

show

Starting machine "podman-machine-default"
Error: unable to generate qemu command line: "exec: \"qemu-system-x86_64\": executable file not found in $PATH"

qemu-system

qemu-system / search

run

apt-cache search qemu-system

show

qemu-block-extra - extra block backend modules for qemu-system and qemu-utils
qemu-guest-agent - Guest-side qemu-system agent
qemu-system - QEMU full system emulation binaries
qemu-system-arm - QEMU full system emulation binaries (arm)
qemu-system-common - QEMU full system emulation binaries (common files)
qemu-system-data - QEMU full system emulation (data files)
qemu-system-gui - QEMU full system emulation binaries (graphical display and audio modules)
qemu-system-mips - QEMU full system emulation binaries (mips)
qemu-system-misc - QEMU full system emulation binaries (miscellaneous)
qemu-system-modules-opengl - QEMU full system emulation binaries (OpenGL display modules)
qemu-system-modules-spice - QEMU full system emulation binaries (spice display modules)
qemu-system-ppc - QEMU full system emulation binaries (ppc)
qemu-system-riscv - QEMU full system emulation binaries (riscv)
qemu-system-s390x - QEMU full system emulation binaries (s390x)
qemu-system-sparc - QEMU full system emulation binaries (sparc)
qemu-system-x86 - QEMU full system emulation binaries (x86)
qemu-system-xen - QEMU full system emulation (Xen helper package)

qemu-system-x86

qemu-system-x86 / install

sudo apt-get install qemu-system-x86

machine / start / virtiofsd missing

run

podman machine start

show

Starting machine "podman-machine-default"
ERRO[0000] process 10473 has not ended
Error: failed to find virtiofsd: exec: "virtiofsd": executable file not found in $PATH

virtiofsd

virtiofsd / search

run

apt-cache search virtiofsd

show

librust-virtiofsd-dev - Virtio-fs vhost-user device daemon - Rust source code
virtiofsd - Virtio-fs vhost-user device daemon

virtiofsd / install

run

sudo apt-get install virtiofsd

run

dpkg -L virtiofsd

show

/.
/usr
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/qemu
/usr/libexec
/usr/libexec/virtiofsd
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/virtiofsd
/usr/share/doc/virtiofsd/README.md.gz
/usr/share/doc/virtiofsd/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/virtiofsd/copyright
/usr/share/doc/virtiofsd/xattr-mapping.md.gz
/usr/share/qemu
/usr/share/qemu/vhost-user
/usr/share/qemu/vhost-user/50-virtiofsd.json
/usr/lib/qemu/virtiofsd

run

sudo ln -sf /usr/libexec/virtiofsd /usr/libexec/podman/virtiofsd

check

file /usr/libexec/podman/virtiofsd

show

/usr/libexec/podman/virtiofsd: symbolic link to /usr/libexec/virtiofsd

machine / start / rootless mode / success

run

podman machine start

show

Starting machine "podman-machine-default"

This machine is currently configured in rootless mode. If your containers
require root permissions (e.g. ports < 1024), or if you run into compatibility
issues with non-podman clients, you can switch using the following command:

	podman machine set --rootful

Mounting volume... /home/sam:/home/sam
API forwarding listening on: /run/user/1000/podman/podman-machine-default-api.sock
You can connect Docker API clients by setting DOCKER_HOST using the
following command in your terminal session:

        export DOCKER_HOST='unix:///run/user/1000/podman/podman-machine-default-api.sock'

Machine "podman-machine-default" started successfully

machine / stop

run

podman machine stop

show

Waiting for VM to exit...
Machine "podman-machine-default" stopped successfully

machine / start / rootful

run

podman machine set --rootful

then run

podman machine start

show

Starting machine "podman-machine-default"
Mounting volume... /home/sam:/home/sam
API forwarding listening on: /run/user/1000/podman/podman-machine-default-api.sock
You can connect Docker API clients by setting DOCKER_HOST using the
following command in your terminal session:

        export DOCKER_HOST='unix:///run/user/1000/podman/podman-machine-default-api.sock'

Machine "podman-machine-default" started successfully

image

image / pull / archlinux

run

podman image pull archlinux

show

Resolved "archlinux" as an alias (/etc/containers/registries.conf.d/shortnames.conf)
Trying to pull docker.io/library/archlinux:latest...
Getting image source signatures
Copying blob 73920abf4e07 done   |
Copying blob 74d5579544e6 done   |
Copying config eddb1ff8c1 done   |
Writing manifest to image destination
eddb1ff8c1c65c7a3bc3d3b2bf28d1ac30edc9ab525c1cdfaaa652c462db7c1e

/etc/containers/registries.conf.d/shortnames.conf

cat /etc/containers/registries.conf.d/shortnames.conf

image / list

run

podman image list

show

REPOSITORY                   TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED     SIZE
docker.io/library/archlinux  latest      eddb1ff8c1c6  2 days ago  535 MB

image / pull / debian

run

podman image pull debian

show

Resolved "debian" as an alias (/etc/containers/registries.conf.d/shortnames.conf)
Trying to pull docker.io/library/debian:latest...
Getting image source signatures
Copying blob 281b80c799de done   |
Copying config ba695bc5c4 done   |
Writing manifest to image destination
ba695bc5c4147c86b9082686289ea1440d939badcdb839fc7f27de4673770a87

images

run

podman images

show

REPOSITORY                   TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED      SIZE
docker.io/library/archlinux  latest      eddb1ff8c1c6  2 days ago   535 MB
docker.io/library/debian     latest      ba695bc5c414  10 days ago  124 MB

run

run / help

run

podman run --help

show

Run a command in a new container

Description:
  Runs a command in a new container from the given image

Usage:
  podman run [options] IMAGE [COMMAND [ARG...]]

Examples:
  podman run imageID ls -alF /etc
  podman run --network=host imageID dnf -y install java
  podman run --volume /var/hostdir:/var/ctrdir -i -t fedora /bin/bash

...

run / demo / 001

run

podman run archlinux ls -alF /etc

run / demo / 002

run

podman run archlinux cat /etc/os-release

show

NAME="Arch Linux"
PRETTY_NAME="Arch Linux"
ID=arch
BUILD_ID=rolling
VERSION_ID=20260104.0.477168
ANSI_COLOR="38;2;23;147;209"
HOME_URL="https://archlinux.org/"
DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://wiki.archlinux.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://bbs.archlinux.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://gitlab.archlinux.org/groups/archlinux/-/issues"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://terms.archlinux.org/docs/privacy-policy/"
LOGO=archlinux-logo

Dockerfile

create into.txt

echo 'test' > info.txt

create Dockerfile

cat << __EOL__ > Dockerfile
From alpine

COPY info.txt /info.txt

CMD cat /info.txt
__EOL__

image build

image build / help

run

podman image build -h

show

Build an image using instructions from Containerfiles

Description:
  Builds an OCI or Docker image using instructions from one or more Containerfiles and a specified build context directory.

Usage:
  podman image build [options] [CONTEXT]

Examples:
  podman image build .
  podman image build --creds=username:password -t imageName -f Containerfile.simple .
  podman image build --layers --force-rm --tag imageName .

...

image build / demo / 001

run

podman image build .

show

STEP 1/3: FROM alpine
Resolved "alpine" as an alias (/etc/containers/registries.conf.d/shortnames.conf)
Trying to pull docker.io/library/alpine:latest...
Getting image source signatures
Copying blob 1074353eec0d done   |
Copying config e7b39c54cd done   |
Writing manifest to image destination
STEP 2/3: COPY info.txt /info.txt
--> 2671930b5e94
STEP 3/3: CMD cat /info.txt
COMMIT
--> 783fdc4962b9
783fdc4962b90d5debf060fb26837ea1360fd29adebd2f1ed94197d7c88aa93b

run

podman images

show

REPOSITORY                   TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED         SIZE
<none>                       <none>      783fdc4962b9  29 seconds ago  8.73 MB
docker.io/library/archlinux  latest      eddb1ff8c1c6  2 days ago      535 MB
docker.io/library/debian     latest      ba695bc5c414  10 days ago     124 MB
docker.io/library/alpine     latest      e7b39c54cdec  3 weeks ago     8.74 MB

run image by id (783fdc4962b9)

podman run 783fdc4962b9

show

test

run to remove image by id (783fdc4962b9)

podman image rm -f 783fdc4962b9

run

podman images

show

REPOSITORY                   TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED      SIZE
docker.io/library/archlinux  latest      eddb1ff8c1c6  2 days ago   535 MB
docker.io/library/debian     latest      ba695bc5c414  10 days ago  124 MB
docker.io/library/alpine     latest      e7b39c54cdec  3 weeks ago  8.74 MB

build / demo / 002

run

podman build -t demo-image .

show

STEP 1/3: FROM alpine
STEP 2/3: COPY info.txt /info.txt
--> da727464a881
STEP 3/3: CMD cat /info.txt
COMMIT demo-image
--> 82cceb175aed
Successfully tagged localhost/demo-image:latest
82cceb175aedf11eb5ddb0d2c8750658320d35bdae28ca9f4d308f21d78d51dd

run

podman images

show

REPOSITORY                   TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED         SIZE
localhost/demo-image         latest      82cceb175aed  29 seconds ago  8.73 MB
docker.io/library/archlinux  latest      eddb1ff8c1c6  2 days ago      535 MB
docker.io/library/debian     latest      ba695bc5c414  10 days ago     124 MB
docker.io/library/alpine     latest      e7b39c54cdec  3 weeks ago     8.74 MB

run image by id (82cceb175aed)

podman run 82cceb175aed

run image by name (demo-image)

podman run demo-image

run image by name (localhost/demo-image)

podman run localhost/demo-image

image mount

image mount / help

run

podman image mount -h

show

Mount an image's root filesystem

Description:
  podman image mount
    Lists all mounted images mount points if no images is specified

  podman image mount IMAGE-NAME-OR-ID
    Mounts the specified image and prints the mountpoint


Usage:
  podman image mount [options] [IMAGE...]

Examples:
  podman image mount imgID
  podman image mount imgID1 imgID2 imgID3
  podman image mount
  podman image mount --all

Options:
  -a, --all             Mount all images
      --format string   Print the mounted images in specified format (json)

image mount / error

run

podman image mount demo-image

show

Error: cannot run command "podman image mount" in rootless mode, must execute `podman unshare` first

image mount / steps

run

podman unshare

then run

mnt_dir_path=$(podman image mount demo-image)

then run

ls -1 $mnt_dir_path

show

bin
dev
etc
home
info.txt
lib
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var

then exit

exit