如何確認「Nvidia驅動程式」是否已經安裝
原始討論
方法一
若是使用「安裝Nvidia驅動程式套件」的方式，可以確認套件是否已經安裝。
可以執行
$ dpkg -l 'nvidia*'
顯示
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-========================-=================-=================-======================================================
ii nvidia-361 361.42-0ubuntu2 amd64 NVIDIA binary driver - version 361.42
ii nvidia-361-updates 361.42-0ubuntu2 amd64 Transitional package for nvidia-361
un nvidia-common <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-driver-binary <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-legacy-340xx-vdpa <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-libopencl1-361 <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-libopencl1-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-opencl-icd <none> <none> (no description available)
ii nvidia-opencl-icd-361 361.42-0ubuntu2 amd64 NVIDIA OpenCL ICD
un nvidia-persistenced <none> <none> (no description available)
ii nvidia-prime 0.8.2 amd64 Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime
ii nvidia-settings 361.42-0ubuntu1 amd64 Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
un nvidia-settings-binary <none> <none> (no description available)
un nvidia-vdpau-driver <none> <none> (no description available)
或是執行
$ dpkg --get-selections | grep nvidia
顯示
nvidia-361 install
nvidia-361-updates install
nvidia-opencl-icd-361 install
nvidia-prime install
nvidia-settings install
如何查詢套件是否已經安裝在系統上，可以閱讀「如何知道某個套件是否已經安裝」。
「Nvidia驅動程式套件」的概念，可以閱讀『如何找出「Nvidia驅動程式套件」』這篇。
方法二
執行下面指令，可以知道 「nvidia 的 kernel 模組(驅動程式)」 是否有載入
$ lsmod | grep nvidia
顯示
nvidia_uvm 696320 0
nvidia_modeset 745472 2
nvidia 10076160 88 nvidia_modeset,nvidia_uvm
drm 360448 9 i915,drm_kms_helper,nvidia
相關的概念，
請閱讀「鳥哥的私房菜 / 第十九章、開機流程、模組管理與 Loader / 19.2.2 核心模組的觀察： lsmod, modinfo」。
modinfo
進一步可以查詢模組的相關資訊
執行
$ modinfo nvidia_361
顯示
filename: /lib/modules/4.4.0-24-generic/updates/dkms/nvidia_361.ko
alias: char-major-195-*
version: 361.42
supported: external
license: NVIDIA
srcversion: 47D1C898C46D058800C3250
alias: pci:v000010DEd00000E00sv*sd*bc04sc80i00*
alias: pci:v000010DEd*sv*sd*bc03sc02i00*
alias: pci:v000010DEd*sv*sd*bc03sc00i00*
depends: drm
vermagic: 4.4.0-24-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
parm: NVreg_Mobile:int
parm: NVreg_ResmanDebugLevel:int
parm: NVreg_RmLogonRC:int
parm: NVreg_ModifyDeviceFiles:int
parm: NVreg_DeviceFileUID:int
parm: NVreg_DeviceFileGID:int
parm: NVreg_DeviceFileMode:int
parm: NVreg_UpdateMemoryTypes:int
parm: NVreg_InitializeSystemMemoryAllocations:int
parm: NVreg_UsePageAttributeTable:int
parm: NVreg_MapRegistersEarly:int
parm: NVreg_RegisterForACPIEvents:int
parm: NVreg_CheckPCIConfigSpace:int
parm: NVreg_EnablePCIeGen3:int
parm: NVreg_EnableMSI:int
parm: NVreg_TCEBypassMode:int
parm: NVreg_MemoryPoolSize:int
parm: NVreg_RegistryDwords:charp
parm: NVreg_RmMsg:charp
parm: NVreg_AssignGpus:charp
alias
至於為什麼是「nvidia_361」而不是「nvidia」，
我看到「/lib/nvidia-361/modprobe.conf」這個檔有做「alias」。
執行
$ cat /lib/nvidia-361/modprobe.conf
顯示
# This file was installed by nvidia-361
# Do not edit this file manually
blacklist nouveau
blacklist lbm-nouveau
blacklist nvidia-current
blacklist nvidia-173
blacklist nvidia-96
blacklist nvidia-current-updates
blacklist nvidia-173-updates
blacklist nvidia-96-updates
blacklist nvidia-361-updates
alias nvidia nvidia_361
alias nvidia-uvm nvidia_361-uvm
alias nvidia-modeset nvidia_361-modeset
alias nouveau off
alias lbm-nouveau off
可以看到上面有一行「alias nvidia nvidia_361」。
不過整個機制，我還沒研究透徹，先紀錄我目前發現到的。
「/lib/nvidia-361/modprobe.conf」這個檔，我是執行下面的指令查詢到的。
$ dpkg -L nvidia-361
上面這個指令，就是查詢「nvidia-361」這個套件，安裝那些檔案在系統上，顯示的「file list」，也可以在網頁上找到。
這個用法，可以參考「如何查詢某個套件安裝在系統上的所有檔案」這篇。
然後執行
$ grep '/lib/nvidia-361/modprobe.conf' /var/lib/dpkg/info/* -R
顯示
/var/lib/dpkg/info/nvidia-361.list:/lib/nvidia-361/modprobe.conf
/var/lib/dpkg/info/nvidia-361.postinst: --slave /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia-graphics-drivers.conf x86_64-linux-gnu_nvidia_modconf /lib/nvidia-361/modprobe.conf \
/var/lib/dpkg/info/nvidia-361.postinst: --slave /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia-graphics-drivers.conf x86_64-linux-gnu_nvidia_modconf /lib/nvidia-361/modprobe.conf \
執行
$ ls /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia-graphics-drivers.conf -l
， 顯示
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 49 Apr 24 21:37 /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia-graphics-drivers.conf -> /etc/alternatives/x86_64-linux-gnu_nvidia_modconf
執行
$ ls /etc/alternatives/x86_64-linux-gnu_nvidia_modconf -l
顯示
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Apr 24 21:37 /etc/alternatives/x86_64-linux-gnu_nvidia_modconf -> /lib/nvidia-361/modprobe.conf
也就是「/etc/modprobe.d/nvidia-graphics-drivers.conf」是symbolic link到「/lib/nvidia-361/modprobe.conf」。
modprobe.d
接下來研究「/etc/modprobe.d/」的用法。
執行
$ dpkg -S /etc/modprobe.d
顯示
intel-microcode, osspd, udev, nvidia-361, xserver-xorg-video-vmware, kmod, alsa-base, dkms, linux-sound-base: /etc/modprobe.d
觀察最接近我們要找的套件「kmod」。
執行
$ dpkg -L kmod
顯示
/.
/sbin
/etc
/etc/init.d
/etc/init.d/kmod
/etc/modprobe.d
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ath_pci.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/mlx4.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-rare-network.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-framebuffer.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-watchdog.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-firewire.conf
/etc/init
/etc/init/kmod.conf
/etc/depmod.d
/etc/depmod.d/ubuntu.conf
/bin
/bin/kmod
/lib
/lib/modprobe.d
/lib/modprobe.d/aliases.conf
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/initramfs-tools
/usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks
/usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/kmod
/usr/share/bash-completion
/usr/share/bash-completion/completions
/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/kmod
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/libkmod2
/usr/share/doc/libkmod2/TODO
/usr/share/doc/libkmod2/README
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/fr
/usr/share/man/fr/man5
/usr/share/man/fr/man5/modules.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8
/usr/share/man/man8/depmod.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/kmod.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/modinfo.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/insmod.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/lsmod.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/rmmod.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/modprobe.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man5
/usr/share/man/man5/modprobe.d.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/modules.dep.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/modules.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/depmod.d.5.gz
/sbin/rmmod
/sbin/depmod
/sbin/modprobe
/sbin/modinfo
/sbin/insmod
/sbin/lsmod
/bin/lsmod
/usr/share/doc/kmod
/usr/share/man/man5/modules.dep.bin.5.gz
有看到「/usr/share/man/man5/modprobe.d.5.gz」
也可以執行下面指令，找出有那些manpage可以閱讀
$ dpkg -L kmod | grep '/man/man.*/' | sort
顯示
/usr/share/man/man5/depmod.d.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/modprobe.d.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/modules.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/modules.dep.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/modules.dep.bin.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/depmod.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/insmod.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/kmod.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/lsmod.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/modinfo.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/modprobe.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/rmmod.8.gz
所以你可以執行
$ man modprobe.d
或是執行
$ man 5 modprobe.d
或是執行
$ man /usr/share/man/man5/modprobe.d.5.gz
來閱讀。
查詢目前套用的設定
執行
$ modprobe -c | grep nvidia | less
顯示
blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist nvidia_current
blacklist nvidia_173
blacklist nvidia_96
blacklist nvidia_current_updates
blacklist nvidia_173_updates
blacklist nvidia_96_updates
blacklist nvidia_361_updates
alias nvidia nvidia_361
alias nvidia_uvm nvidia_361_uvm
alias nvidia_modeset nvidia_361_modeset
alias char_major_195_* nvidia_361
alias mbp_nvidia_bl apple_bl
alias pci:v000010DEd*sv*sd*bc03sc*i* nvidiafb
alias pci:v000010DEd*sv*sd*bc03sc00i00* nvidia_361
alias pci:v000010DEd*sv*sd*bc03sc02i00* nvidia_361
alias pci:v000010DEd00000E00sv*sd*bc04sc80i00* nvidia_361
alias symbol:nvKmsKapiGetFunctionsTable nvidia_361_modeset
alias symbol:nvUvmInterfaceAddressSpaceCreate nvidia_361
alias symbol:nvUvmInterfaceAddressSpaceCreateMirrored nvidia_361
alias symbol:nvUvmInterfaceAddressSpaceDestroy nvidia_361
alias symbol:nvUvmInterfaceBindChannel nvidia_361
...略...